Category: Uncategorized

  • Cultural and Ethnocentric Bias in Historical Interpretation

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    History, at its core, is the study of past events. But how we understand and interpret these events is never truly neutral. Behind every historical account is a perspective—and often, that perspective is shaped by cultural and ethnocentric bias. These biases influence which stories are told, whose voices are heard, and how societies view their…

  • Seeing the Past Through a Foggy Lens: Cognitive Bias in Historical Interpretation

    in

    “History is written by the victors,” they say—but it’s also rewritten, reimagined, and reinterpreted through thequirky wiring of our human brains. When we look at history, we’re not just uncovering facts; we’re filtering themthrough layers of perception, emotion, and unconscious bias. Welcome to the world of cognitive bias inhistorical interpretation. What Is Cognitive Bias? Cognitive…

  • Narcotics Anonymous: A Chronology of the Scientific and Professional Literature

    in

    In 2011, we (Chris Budnick, Boyd Pickard, and William White) published the first chronology of scientific and professional literature related to Narcotics Anonymous.  We wrote: “Narcotics Anonymous (NA) has not received the degree of attention from the academic and professional communities commensurate with its longevity as an addiction recovery mutual aid society, its membership growth,…